Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, obligatory once in a lifetime for every Muslim who has the physical and financial means. This guide presents its steps and preparation.
1 Conditions and timing
Hajj takes place each year from the 8th to the 13th of Dhul-Hijjah. It requires being Muslim, adult, of sound mind, and having the physical and financial ability (including providing for one’s family during the absence).
2 The state of consecration (Ihram)
Before entering Mecca, the pilgrim enters Ihram: intention, simple dress (two white cloths for men) and reciting the Talbiyah. Certain actions then become forbidden (using perfume, cutting hair, etc.).
3 Tawaf and Sa’i
Tawaf is circling the Kaaba seven times. Sa’i is walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwa, remembering Hajar searching for water for her son Ismail.
4 Arafat, Muzdalifah and Mina
On the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, the pilgrim stands at Arafat (the heart of Hajj) in supplication. He spends the night at Muzdalifah, then symbolically stones the pillars at Mina, offers a sacrifice and shaves or trims his hair.
5 Practical tips
Book early through an approved agency, update your vaccinations, train for walking, bring basic medication and learn the rites in advance. Patience and good conduct are part of the pilgrimage.